The design thinking process revolutionizes problem-solving, transforming clever ideas into practical, user-friendly solutions.
This approach, championed by product development leaders like Apple, IBM, and Toyota, makes solutions accessible and relevant to end users. It’s not just about inventiveness — it’s about ensuring users can easily understand your answers to their problems.
But design thinking isn’t exclusive to user experience (UX) or product design. It’s a universal strategy applicable across various industries and disciplines. This method empowers teams to view challenges from new angles and collaborate deeply, focusing on solutions tailored to human needs. By centering the user in the problem-solving process, teams devise solutions that are innovative, practical, and resonant with their intended audience.
What’s the design thinking process?
Design thinking shifts the focus from finding a solution based on the problem’s perspective to understanding issues from the viewpoint of those affected. It encourages teams to embrace all aspects of a problem, challenge assumptions, and navigate through uncertainty to unlock creative, holistic solutions.
The design process is a systemic, end-user-focused approach to problem-solving that fosters creativity and innovation. According to the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford University — a leading authority in this field — the process cycles through five design thinking stages:
- Understand the user to develop empathy.
- Define the problem to solve, informed by insights about the end-user.
- Generate and iterate diverse solutions.
- Transform ideas into tangible prototypes for feedback.
- Crowdsource consumer opinions by engaging users with prototypes and observing their behavior.
What’s the purpose of the design thinking process?
Design thinking aims to tackle complex problems with solutions that are:
- User-centric, addressing end-users’ real needs
- Viable from a business standpoint, aligning with the company’s goals
- Technologically feasible, ensuring practical implementation
This human-centered approach empowers problem-solvers to deeply understand and connect with their end-users, grasping their behaviors, expectations, and needs.
After establishing this empathetic foundation, the focus shifts to rapid prototyping and user testing. Engaging actual consumers early in the process enables product managers to collect authentic feedback, guiding necessary adjustments before product production or launch. Such a strategy enhances client outcomes and optimizes time and resource expenditure.
The 5 stages of the design thinking process
While rooted in UX design, the process’s versatility makes it a powerful problem-solving tool across numerous fields. Here’s how it unfolds in five key stages.
1. Empathize
The first stage of design thinking focuses on user-centric research to gain an empathetic understanding of the problem and the people it affects. Activities here shift the focus from a problem-centric to a user-centric mindset. By setting aside assumptions, teams can truly grasp the user’s reality, grounding solutions in the user’s genuine needs and experiences.
This initial step involves:
- Consultation: Engage with field experts to deepen understanding of the issue to frame the problem accurately.
- Observation: Observe how consumers interact with the product to identify pain points and empathize with their experiences.
- Immersion: Actively interact with users in their environments, providing deeper insights than what surface-level engagement offers.
2. Define
Now, teams analyze insights from the empathize phase to identify and understand the core problem. The objective is to craft a problem statement that centers on the user’s perspective, focusing the team’s effort on addressing human-centered needs.
Consider an empathy stage that reveals that the bookkeeping department spends excessive time tracking contractor invoices, leading to payment delays. Here, a relevant problem statement might be:
“We need an efficient, user-friendly system for regular contractor hour logging to minimize payment delays.”
This clear, user-centric problem statement guides the team in generating solutions. By precisely defining the problem, the team ensures their ideation and development efforts directly address user challenges, focusing on creating features that alleviate the identified issue.
3. Ideate
In this phase of the design thinking process, teams delve into creative problem-solving, exploring various perspectives to generate potential solutions. This stage leverages ideation techniques to stimulate innovative thinking and expand the possible answers to the earlier problem statement.
Techniques like brainstorming or the Worst Possible Idea method kickstart the ideation process, encouraging free thought and broad issue exploration. Following this initial burst of creativity, the team can further refine their ideas using methodologies like Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify, Put to Another use, Eliminate, Reverse (SCAMPER) or Brainwrite.
Leveraging a combination of expansive and focused ideation techniques ensures a comprehensive exploration of potential solutions. This approach ultimately guides you toward the most effective and innovative solutions to proceed within the design thinking process.
4. Prototype
During prototyping, teams bring ideas to life by creating small-scale, cost-effective models or wireframes of the proposed product. This experimental phase involves testing these prototypes internally within the team, across departments, or with focus groups to gather feedback.
Prototyping is crucial for exploring the practicality and feasibility of solutions conceived in earlier stages. This hands-on stage offers insights into user interactions, enabling teams to refine designs based on real-world feedback and practical considerations.
5. Test
In the testing stage, designers finalize a solution based on initial prototype trials and conduct comprehensive usability tests. This phase ensures the product aligns with end-user needs and expectations.
Testing might reveal design flaws, requiring revisions or returning to earlier stages like ideation for further refinement. Here, the focus is to iteratively improve the product until a successful prototype emerges, ready for market introduction.
Next steps
The design thinking process, often depicted linearly, is inherently iterative and flexible in practice. This versatility allows teams to concurrently engage in various stages — gathering information, generating ideas, and developing concepts — enabling you to visualize solutions as you move through each step.
It’s common for insights from one phase, such as user feedback during testing, to prompt a revisit to earlier stages, like the define phase for problem reframing. This cyclical nature doesn’t signify failure. Instead, it reflects a deeper exploration and learning process, ensuring you develop more refined, user-centric solutions.
The best tools to support your design thinking process
Collaboration and clear communication within the team are essential to effectively use a design process for problem-solving. And a key tool for encouraging these factors is a design roadmap.
Tempo Strategic Roadmaps creates boardroom-ready roadmaps that visually structure the design thinking process, fostering strategic alignment and centralizing collaborative efforts. When integrated with your project management software, Strategic Roadmaps equips your team with the necessary resources to navigate the five design thinking stages seamlessly.
